Aaron Perry
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[Got Beef?]
Nicolette Hahn Niman discusses her book, Defending Beef, and how regenerative cattle grazing is one of our most promising strategies for climate stabilizing carbon sequestration at scale. There’s an integral connection between the “protective vegetative blanket” of Earth’s grasslands and the essential role of grazing ungulates, especially the great bovines. Healthy grasslands have the highest carbon-storage capacity per acre, and are critical to the great hydrologic cycles of most continents. Well-managed rotational grazing, silvopasture, and other regenerative animal husbandry techniques are key to restoring natural grassland capacity for carbon, water, food production, and wildlife habitat – especially habitat for critical (and often endangered) pollinator birds and insects.
About Defending Beef
In Defending Beef (a Chelsea Green Publishing book), Nicolette details how our globed evolved over millions of years with very large herds of grazing animals playing a central role in Earth’s carbon cycles, water cycles, and atmospheric stability, and how that has been disrupted in recent millennia through human activity, especially industrialized mechanical and chemical agriculture. Buffaloe, bovines, caribou, wildebeest, cape buffalo, and other grazers moved through the landscape in vast, dense congregations. Now, through a form of agricultural biomimicry, humans can help restore balance by intensively grazing large herbivores, working in harmony with sunlight, rainfall, soil life, plants, and animals to sequester the anthropogenic carbon that we humans have released to the atmosphere in staggering amounts over the past three centuries, and especially since WWI and WWII. In tandem with substantial reduction in fossil fuel combustion, regenerative grazing is our most promising – and proven – strategy for climate change mitigation.
Exclusive for the Y on Earth Community Podcast Audience
Get a 35% discount on your copy of Defending Beef from Chelsea Green Publishing using the code: YOE35 at chelseagreen.com.
What’s So Special About Cows?
With a potent ensemble of enzymes, microflora, and microfauna in their saliva and manure, cattle are literally walking, “mooing,” organic fertilizer dispensers. As biodynamic rancher Brook Le Van has described, Cattle tend to deposit twice the fertility that they consume when grazing in healthy pastures (see Brook’s and other related podcast episodes below). Additionally, as they selectively graze a mixture of grasses and herbaceous plants, cows naturally generate some of the most nutrient dense food available to humanity – with a unique blend of essential fatty acids, omega-3, and other brain-boosting, bone-strengthening, and immune-enhancing compounds difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities from other natural food sources. The intimate connection between our evolution and our consumption of grazing animals, according to Nicolette, is one of the most important threads running through the last 3,000,000 years of our species’ development – especially our brains and intelligence.
About Nicolette Hahn Niman
Nicolette Hahn Niman is a writer, attorney, and livestock rancher. She authored the books Defending Beef (2014, and 2d ed. 2021) and Righteous Porkchop (2009), as well as numerous essays for the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Los Angeles Times. She has also written for The Atlantic, The San Francisco Chronicle, and The Earth Island Journal. She is a frequent speaker at national and international conferences, and was one of just 23 speakers from around the world at the Nobel Week Dialogue 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. She has appeared on The PBS Newshour, The Dr. Oz Show and in numerous films and documentaries, including Eating Animals and Sustainable, and her work has been featured in TIME, O Magazine, and The Guardian, among others. Previously, she was Senior Attorney for the environmental organization Waterkeeper, where she focused on animal agriculture; before that, she was an environmental lawyer for National Wildlife Federation. Hahn Niman served two terms on the City Commission for Kalamazoo, Michigan. Today, she lives in Northern California with her two sons, and her husband, Bill Niman, founder of the natural meat companies Niman Ranch and BN Ranch.
Resources & Related Episodes
Chelseagreen.com (Use code: YOE35 for a 35% discount on all books and audiobooks)
Facebook: Defending Beef
Ep 142 – Maria Rodale, Author, Love, Nature, Magic (a Chelsea Green publication)
Ep 123 – Marissa Pulaski, Co-Founder, Drylands Agroecology Research & Elk Run Farm
Ep 114 – Elizabeth Whitlow, Executive Director, Regenerative Organic Alliance
Ep 95 – John Liu, Founder, Ecosystem Restoration Communities / Camps
Ep 91 – Finian Makepeace, Co-Producer, “Kiss the Ground” Movie
Ep 89 – Yichao Rui, (former) Senior Soil Scientist, Rodale Institute
Ep 3 – Brook Le Van, Co-Founder, Sustainable Settings Biodynamic Ranch
Ep 2 – Judith Schwartz, Author, Cows Save the Planet (a Chelsea Green publication)
Book Cover
Transcript
(Automatically generated transcript for search engine optimization and reference purposes – grammatical and spelling errors may exist.)
Welcome to the YonEarth community podcast. I’m your host, Aaron William Perry. And today
we’re visiting with Nicolette Han Nyman, the author of Defending Beef. Nicolette, hey,
how you doing? It’s so great to see you today. Thank you. I’m so happy to be here with you.
Nicolette Han Nyman is a writer, attorney, and livestock rancher. She authored the book Defending Beef,
as well as the book, Righteous Pork Chop, and has written numerous essays for the New York Times,
the Wall Street Journal, and the Los Angeles Times. She has also written for the Atlantic,
the Sanford System, Go Chronicle, and the Earth Island Journal. Nicolette is a frequent speaker
at national and international conferences, and was one of just 23 speakers from around
the world at the Nobel Week Dialogue in 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. She has appeared on the
PBS News Hour, the Dr. Oz Show, and in numerous films and documentaries, including eating
animals, as well as sustainable. And her work has been featured in Time, O magazine,
and The Guardian, among many others. Previously, she was senior attorney for the
Environmental Organization Waterkeeper, where she focused on animal agriculture, and before that,
was an environmental lawyer for National Wildlife Federation. Nicolette served two terms
on the City Commission for Kalamazoo Michigan, and today, she lives in Northern California,
where there are two sons and her husband, Bill Neiman, founder of the Natural Meat Companies,
Neiman Ranch and BN Ranch. Nicolette, today, we’re talking about defending beef,
and I’m really, really excited to get into this topic, because among the many themes and
threads out there in the climate movement, the regenerative movement, the food and health movement,
this issue seems to be one that bubbles up quite often, and has a lot of misperceptions
and varying views and opinions out there in the public. So maybe to kick things off,
I’ll just throw it right up for you. Maybe it’s a bit of a softball. Why does beef need defending?
Yes. Well, I kind of wish that it didn’t. It’s a kind of a frustrating process to have
to try to defend something over and over again that you kind of don’t feel needs to be
defended, but I guess it’s kind of a two-pronged response. On the one hand,
there’s this whole question of the healthfulness of the food. Is it something that is good
for our bodies and will sustain our health over the longer term? And that’s an idea
that’s kind of been out there. I would say since around mid-20th century,
there was this kind of rise in heart disease in the industrialized world,
and there were actually two major camps on the topic. One really felt that it related
to the consumption of animal fats in the industrialized world. And then there was another group
of researchers, scientists, and physicians that felt that actually the shift towards
more sugar in the industrialized diet was much more important in terms of what might
be triggering the rise in heart disease and other diet related diseases.
And unfortunately, the sort of the dietary fat argument kind of won the day at the time.
And even though over the last couple of decades, there has been some really good,
incredible re-evaluation of the thought process and the research.
To the point where I would say the argument has actually been dismantled,
but it was out there for so many decades that it’s still a very mainstream belief,
even among nutritionists, dieticians, and doctors. But from my perspective,
the science has basically been broken down to the point where it’s not credible anymore.
So on the health side, there’s still this argument that we shouldn’t be eating it
because of primarily because of the saturated fat content. On the other side,
and this is kind of a little bit newer of an argument, there’s this argument that
meat is too ecologically damaging. It’s too resource intensive,
it’s too water intensive, and it’s specifically beef. The beef is the one that usually
gets the focus in this arena. And then in the last decade, in particular,
this idea that it’s too harmful to the climate, especially because of messing.
So as a person who was kind of a lifelong environmentalist and spent three years
specifically working as a lawyer for environmental organizations, nonprofit organizations,
and two of those years were specifically focused on the meat industry.
I’m someone who really has kind of delved into this on a professional level.
What does the science really say on the ecology?
And then for the last 20 years, I’ve been living and working on a ranch
and I’ve met ranchers all over the world and really studied it from that perspective,
from a practitioner’s perspective. And so I have increasingly become convinced
that the ecological argument is just very, very wrong on many levels.
And so what my defense of beef is is kind of this too pronged
you know, reputation of these two sort of, you know, I’d say almost commonly
held beliefs that beef is not good for your health and that beef is damaging to the environment.
And so I, you know, the more I learned about it, the more I felt that someone
who had a kind of a, not just a deep understanding, but a kind of a nuance understanding
because of these various different components to my background.
Someone needed to really make cohesive arguments that beef was valuable food for our health
and also ecologically, when done well, beneficial.
Yeah. You know, I’m really, really excited.
We have the opportunity to dive into this with you and unpack this a little bit for our audience.
And I have found, you know, in the years I’ve been doing this kind of related work
that this beef and animal issues seems to be among the most polarizing out there,
at least in the portion of our national demographic that finds the anthropomorphic climate change concerned to be genuine.
And what’s amazing to me and what many Americans aren’t aware of is that globally virtually everybody
seems to be in an agreement in understanding that human impacted climate change is very real,
even though here in the United States there seems to be some confusion about this.
But within the arena of folks who are taking that threat seriously, this seems to be one of the most polarizing divisive issues,
which is astonishing for those of us who are engaged directly in agriculture and especially regenerative agriculture.
And, you know, we collaborate with dozens and dozens of farmers and ranchers at many scales.
And not one yet in all of these years have I come across a farmer or a rancher who says, yeah, we can maintain
and steward soil and landscapes and ecosystems and food production without animals.
And particularly the bovine ruminant animals.
So I’m hoping and in your book is so well documented, I’m going to show it to our audience that are looking at the video version of this here.
And of course audio you’re not seeing this, but it’s such a beautiful book published by our friends at Chelsea Green Publishing.
And the book is so well documented.
And I’m hoping that you can paint a picture for us of the scene, if you will, of cattle grazing on grasslands, the soil ecology, the water, the wildlife, the biodiversity.
Because I think a lot of folks have a very different picture in mind when thinking about this issue.
Yeah. Well, first of all, you said so much, and I just want to respond quickly to a couple of points you made.
First of all, I have traveled around the world quite a bit in various contexts and talking a lot, a lot of times I’m talking about beef and in other, you know, capacities where I’m traveling.
And I’m always really struck by how the farming and ranching community in other parts of the world is not arguing that climate change is not happening.
So it’s still a uniquely American phenomenon pretty much that that is still a pretty widely held view in certain quarters of the agricultural community, although I do think that’s shifting.
I have noticed a dramatic difference from five or 10 years ago that there’s more and more acceptance of it.
And also, interest in the idea of, okay, what can agriculture do? How can we be proactively preparing for these changes?
And also, how can we be making our own practices better so that we’re not contributing to the problem?
So I think that’s kind of how I see where that situation is.
And then with respect to this whole question of the role of animals, I mean, I, you know,
I was explaining this issue and thinking about it and writing about it for a long time before I ever heard something that Alan Savory said,
the wildlife ecologist from Zimbabwe, who has done such an amazing job establishing sort of holistic management principles in grazing and agriculture in many parts of the world.
And the way he said it that just made so much sense to me, and I think it’s such a beautiful sort of encapsulation of the whole book that I wrote defending beef.
And that is that essentially the globe evolved for millions of years.
And for those for millions and millions of years, there were very large herds of grazing animals.
And that that was a very important element of the earth’s ecology.
And then only in fairly recent times, you know, so like about the last hundred thousand years, which is a long time.
But it’s very short in geological time.
Many of those animals either disappeared entirely or their populations dwindled dramatically.
So we have today just kind of a remnant of the wild grazing herds, whether they were, you know, prehistoric animals or things like caribou,
which are still on the earth that are in much smaller numbers now.
And you can just look at it when I give talks and I, you know, show slides of the sort of the remnant of large grazing herds that are still on the earth.
Caribou being one of them.
And we also have things like cape buffalo and wildebeest and the vicin in the American West, although they’re a tiny fraction of what they want to work.
But what I, what I like about showing them to people, the visualization is so important.
You can see that there are large number of numbers of animals and they’re very densely congregated as they move across the landscape and they do move.
And so what Alan Savory said a few years ago, and I’ve met him many times and I have a strong connection with him and have read his, you know, seminal book about holistic management.
But he said in these words that just clicked in my mind is that we need a proxy, a replacement for the disappeared wild animals that once covered the glow.
And so that is why he and I also strongly believe in this idea that the grazing animals like cattle in particular are not just, you know, okay.
They’re essential for the ecological function of the earth.
And you couldn’t, you know, kind of break it down into a lot of different components of why that is.
But I think just thinking of it in that context is really helpful.
If you think, you know, for the vast majority of, you know, for millions and millions of years, there were tens of millions of years.
There were large grazing herds and they’re largely absent today.
So we need to sort of figure out how to have that same kind of ecological impact on the earth in order for ecosystems to function properly.
And especially for the soil to function properly.
And so that is kind of a cornerstone of the defending beef book.
And I have to say when I first started researching and writing the book, the original version of it, I didn’t even know what I just said.
Like I had a lot of other reasons that I thought I could make a great argument for cattle.
But this whole idea that they are absolutely essential for soil biology and microbiology and that it goes way back to this long sort of geological perspective of earths,
long existence was something I did not understand until, you know, much more recently when I started writing this book.
That’s kind of this short version of the argument.
Yeah, it’s so important.
And I want to pick up on that and add a little to it.
When we were researching for my book, YonEarth and our soil stewardship handbook, we were looking at the numbers globally for carbon concentration in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide and methane and some other compounds.
And carbon in the living canopies of the forests, et cetera, carbon in the living soils worldwide.
And looking at those aggregate numbers, we essentially saw that a 10% increase in soil carbon worldwide from the natural sequestering of atmospheric carbon.
Would be tantamount to sequestering virtually all of the industrial and fossil carbon that we’ve released since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
And so there’s this very important nexus in the soil itself, right, vis-a-vis the climate and carbon cycling.
I was hoping you could unpack that for us a little bit as well and help us understand, you know, what’s going on with the large grazing animals vis-a-vis that kind of carbon soil climate atmosphere connection.
Yeah, well, I think a couple of important kind of foundational points on that.
One is that there’s been this very large migration of carbon into the atmosphere and that a lot of that has come from the soil.
And that has been well documented that there’s been a dramatic loss basically starting around, you know, the mid 1800s when this sort of industrialization process really started happening.
But we’ve had, you know, we have kind of a long human history that has been impacting the life and health of the soil.
And a lot of that relates to the plow, you know, and I was very surprised when I was, you know, again, sort of in my research, I was uncovering, you know, West Jackson saying things like nothing has done more damage to the earth than the plow, you know, and it’s something that most people,
again, especially people outside of agricultural circles would never have thought of that, I don’t think.
But it’s just this basic idea that the earth itself has kind of a protective vegetative blanket.
And whenever you sort of, whenever you run a plow through it or anything is kind of ripping it apart, you’re not just taking that protective vegetative blanket off,
but you’re ripping all of the very complex networks, network of roots and filaments that are below ground.
And you’re doing tremendous damage to the whole sort of subterranean ecosystem that’s down there that is, you know, I think just in the last decade, there’s been a great deal more awareness of how complex that below ground environment is.
And how the microorganisms and all the living entities that are down there, whether there’s been a lot of attention to earthworms and they’re very important, but there’s much more to it than that.
And so whenever we plow the ground, we’re sort of dramatically injuring the health of that whole system. And we’ve been doing this for thousands of years, not just since the 1850s.
But so there’s that kind of collective impact of agriculture and other human activity that we’ve been having on how much life and health and carbon are in the soil, those things are all kind of connected.
And then we have this sort of rapid acceleration of that health process happening since the industrialization, the sort of industrial revolution.
And so that’s kind of a big piece of it. There’s been this migration from basically from the soil to the atmosphere.
And so when you talk about sort of trying to come up with ways to get more carbon back into the soil, not just to take it out of the atmosphere, but also to improve the health of the soil.
And then something that I’ve become much more focused on and interested in the last couple of years in particular is just this whole question of the importance of doing it in order to create more helpful food.
Like these whole, you know, these are sort of simple concepts in a way, but in another way, we rarely hear these things being discussed in the same conversation.
And I’ve gotten very intrigued by work of people like Fred Provenza, who’ve shown how when you have soil that isn’t helpful enough, you know, it impacts, you know, what it’s not biologically vibrant enough, it impacts the health of the plant that’s growing there.
And then even that affects the health of the animal that’s grazing it. And then, of course, there’s a lot of research now showing that modern versions of fruits, vegetables, grains, even animal foods that we’re consuming have a much lower nutrient content, they have lower nutritional value to humans.
And a lot of that is being connected to this lack of life and health in the soil. So all of this stuff is connected. And the reason why Erin, you asked me about the role of animals in that. So animals, by being there, you know, and they were there for millions of years, having this impact, these wild grazing animals.
And then, of course, domesticating, grazing animals have been around for quite a while as well, but in the thousands of years, not in the millions of years.
But where an animal treads, it has a number of impacts just by virtue of, you know, for example, pushing seeds into the ground, where it grazes, it clips vegetation, which fosters growth, and also allows other species of plants
that are later sprouting to come up because they have more sunshine that are actually reaching them as seedlings.
So there’s research from all around the world showing that there’s greater diversity of vegetation where you have grazing animals, whether domesticated or wild.
And then, of course, there’s the impact of the manure on the sort of, not just people talk a lot of times about the fact that manure has nitrogen, phosphorus, et cetera, in it.
But even more importantly, perhaps, is the fact that manure has a lot of microorganisms in it. And so between the nutrients, the moisture, and the microorganisms, manure actually has a dramatically positive effect on the healthfulness of the soil, how much life is in there, and ultimately how much water is retained in there, which allows more life to exist in the soil.
And so the grazing animal, if you don’t manage it, you know, again, to sort of go back to the Ellen savory concept of proxy for a wild animal.
If you manage it in a sort of thoughtful way, usually one that kind of mimics the disappeared wild animal that might have been there, you will have tremendously beneficial effects from the presence of that animal.
It needs to be kind of moving. It needs to be the land needs to be resting, but the fact that there’s that grazing, the cropping of the vegetation, the addition of the manure, and the urine back into the soil and the addition of the microorganisms that are, and also even just recently I was reading something about saliva and the saliva of the animal having an impact on the growth of the plants.
So there are just many, many levels, some of which are still being figured out, where it has a positive effect on how much vegetation you have, how much diversity of vegetation, and not just the diversity of the vegetation, but everything from the diversity of microorganisms, the diversity of the insect life.
All of these things have been shown in many, many studies from around the world to be to be more vibrant, more abundant, just more diverse, where you have the grazing animals, and they’ve actually done quite a few studies in every, every place from Europe, Asia, United States, where animals were removed from a plot of land.
Sometimes it’s like a park or something like that, and there’s a belief that this will help kind of help the land to recover, and there’s been a sort of surprising result over and over again, to the point where it’s not even surprising anymore, that the help of ecosystem declines.
And that’s something that Alan Sabry talks about as well, that in his work as a wildlife ecologist, that a lot of the work that he was doing when he was younger, they were trying to reduce numbers of grazing animals, whether they were wild or domesticated, and that again and again he was witnessing for himself in the African landscapes, that the health of the whole ecosystem was declining when they would remove these animals.
And that’s what kind of triggered his whole life’s work of trying to figure out how do we use grazing animals as an ecological renovator and protector rather than viewing them as inherently damaging.
And I think for a lot of people, that is a major paradigm shift right there. I was struck, we’ve had my friend, my friend, Brooklyn, a co-founder of sustainable settings, a beautiful biodynamic ranch here in Colorado, did a multi-year study with the NRCS, and this study included a number of different farms and ranches ranging from conventional to organic and biodynamic farming.
And in the case of sustainable settings, combination of biodynamic regenerative practices and rotational grazing and some of the methods recommended by Alan Sabry and others, the soil carbon levels grew so dramatically that they literally after a handful of years went off the charts, like literally had to change the vertical axis.
It increments the NRCS did to accommodate the results they were seeing at sustainable settings. And so we hear whether it’s through the Sabry Institute’s work or the ecosystem restoration camp movement worldwide and they rebranded as ecosystem restoration communities.
We’re seeing in places all around the world, including full-blown deserts, this ability to restore landscapes, ecosystems, and thereby sequester incredible amounts of carbon while also significantly impacting the hydrology, the water flows in those regions.
And I know one of the chapters in your book is dedicated to the water, and I was hoping you could unpack that a bit for us as well, because I think we see some of the old studies that have probably been debunked by now indicating, oh, you know, to raise one beef cow or steer, you need so many hundreds of gallons of water.
But this is creating a significant misperception about what that actually really means in the landscape, right?
Yes, and first of all, I just want to pause and say, I love the way you, I don’t know if it’s intentional or not, the way you said, restore, because I hadn’t ever thought about that word that way.
It is, it is about getting back in, storing again, something that once was there, the carbon and the water and the life into the soil and into the landscape.
So, yes, water is something that I’ve focused on a lot over the years as an environmental lawyer, actually both the job I did at National Wildlife Federation, as well as the job I did at Waterkeeper were focused a lot, almost primarily on water.
So, it’s something I’ve worked on and thought about a lot and read a lot about, and I think it is one of the biggest misperceptions around beef specifically, because there have been these kind of, you know, they were, they were around long before memes existed, you know, but there were these things flying around saying that, you know, your hamburger, you know, was, you know, a lakes worth of water, you know, whatever, ridiculous exaggeration.
And I, again, when I sort of actually looked at the research and looked at the studies and understood what the numbers meant, I was really surprised at how false that argument is, because for many different reasons, and I kind of break it down in some detail in my book, defending beef.
But this, you know, again, kind of the short version is that for one thing, the vast, vast majority of water that goes into beef anywhere in the world, but certainly here in the United States, is from rainfall, it’s not water that’s being extracted from the ground, it’s not water that’s being, you know, taken from a lake or from municipal water system or whatever, it’s rainfall.
So it’s water that would be there anyways, and then the question is, well, what happens with it? And the really interesting part that I think really surprises people is that that water gets, you know, sort of captured in the soil and it ends up being stored essentially in vegetation.
And as we’ve been talking about vegetation has a really valuable role in protecting the soil, protecting the below ground environment, protecting the whole ecosystem.
And actually that whole grass system or, you know, whatever vegetative system you’re talking about really benefits by this, this animal impact, you sort of have to have the grazing of it in order for it to be diverse and for the growth to be triggered and so forth.
And grazing animals do that, but it’s that water in the vegetation that makes up the vast majority of the water that’s in those water footprint numbers.
So from my perspective, that water really doesn’t even belong in that number.
And the these group of scientists, a number of years ago at UC Davis also felt that way and made that argument and they did a detailed analysis of how much water would go into a pound of beef.
If you didn’t count that number, if you didn’t count the water that’s in the grass, essentially, and the natural rainfall that’s in the grass.
Okay. And what they found was that the number that water that beef is still, you know, more water intensive than some other foods that’s undeniable, but it was actually comparable to other foods that people commonly eat such as rice.
And so it took it dramatically reduced. It doesn’t it’s not an outsized water footprint. It’s a water footprint that’s, you know, comparable to many other things that people already eat.
And so I think that’s just to me that’s like it’s kind of a context point, you know, you need to think of it in the greater context.
And then the other piece of that is that where you have ecosystems with grazing animals that are well managed, you actually have more water stored in that ecosystem.
You have more water stored in the soil dramatically more. And that’s been, you know, quantified in a number of different places in a number of different studies.
And it’s been shown to be a dramatic increase. And also you’re storing more water in the vegetation that’s on the landscape because you have more vegetation.
There’s more, you know, just held in the ecosystem because you have more plant growth because of the presence of the grazing animal.
So the grazing animals actually, again, when well managed, it’s not the cow, it’s the how, you know, it’s the phrase I like to say over and over again.
If they’re well managed, you will actually be essentially protecting water. And as I talk about as well in defending beef, that’s the quantity side of it.
But there’s also water quality side, which is, you know, the pollution are are we polluting? And again, there’s been a lot of suggestion over the years that that beef cattle cause a lot of water pollution.
But in reality, where you have well managed grazing animals, that sort of vegetative cover that you will have in a grazing landscape is extremely effective at filtering the water that’s going to the ground.
And in many cases also ending up in surface water. And so you there again, this has been quantified in a number of different studies.
You actually have cleaner water where you have grazing animals than especially compared to something like prop production. So it’s a, you know, the water side to me, there’s that quantity argument and there’s that quality argument.
So both sides of it, I think the question’s a lot more complex than people tend to realize. And I think there’s a very strong, you know, pro beef argument on both quantity and quality.
I really appreciate this. And, you know, to give a shout out and connect another dot to another wonderful Chelsea Green author, Judy, Judith Schwartz, who’s written a book, Cow Save the Planet, as well as a book on water.
And we actually did two different podcast conversations with her about each one, one each. She’s helped connect some of those dots as well.
I think one of the things that may not be intuitive to folks that you’re, you’re hitting on here is the fertility boosting effect of the grazing animals, right.
And to emphasize the point you’re making when we’re doing cereal or grass crop production, which is rice or corn.
Often we’re putting in these nutrients, right, that are flowing into the water, infiltrating into the surface water, the creeks, the ponds, the major river delta is causing incredible adverse ecological impacts.
And I think it’s especially when we get into the kind of, what do we call it, Franken meter foe meat, you call it in the book.
Thinking about, well, is it better to make, you know, protein substitutes from crops like soy versus grazing cows on undisturbed grassland landscapes.
I think it’s really important to kind of unpack this whole thing a little bit more. And I was hoping with your background and expertise, you could tell us a bit more about the adverse impacts on water we’re seeing from conventional crop production worldwide.
Yeah, so it there’s absolutely this whole question of chemical runoff and chemical seepage into groundwater. And even, of course, chemicals that are present in the air surrounding these fields and dramatic impacts on wildlife, whether they’re migrating, you know, monarchs or other birds.
In fact, there’s a lot of really good research that I cite some of it in my book about migratory birds and how where you have a kind of a grazing landscape compared to a crop field, how much better it is and how much more robust the populations tend to be.
And you can just go out into a field and see a dramatic difference in that regard, literally just on your own, just walk out into a grazing pasture and then walk out into a crop field and you’ll see very little wildlife in the, you know, the crop field versus a pasture, which is, you know, like a, you know, sort of Amazon, Amazonian rainforest type environment, you know, where there’s just lots of teaming life.
And one, one thing that I’ve noticed over the years myself is the, is the sounds, you know, if you’re, if you’re in the middle of a pasture or a grazed landscape, you’re going to hear a lot of birds and you’re going to hear a lot of insects and you’re just going to, you’re going to feel the presence of a lot of life.
And if you walk into the middle of a conventional corn or soy field, it’s, you know, it’s almost like being in a large parking lot.
You know, there’s, it’s just, there’s a dramatic difference that’s just visible to the eye and to the ear.
So I would say, and then the other piece of the sort of conventional crop land versus, you know, a grazed area is that.
You’re.
Basically, you know, the whole thing that you’re doing there is you’re sort of scraping off and
replacing, you know, essentially a natural environment that can be the home, you know, the
habitat for not just the birds, but insects and snakes and so many other things. And, you know,
and I’m always struck when we have visitors here at our ranch, they’re so taken with how much
wildlife is present here. And if you were to walk through a conventional field, you just wouldn’t
have that same experience. And you’re going to, in addition to the absence of the wildlife and
the presence of chemicals, if it’s a conventional farm, but there’s also, oh shoot, I lost my
thought, I’m sorry, there was one other point I was going to make on that and it just escaped me,
but it’ll come back to me at some point I’m sure. There’s a dramatic difference though.
You’re going to see on the sort of ecological level, oh soil erosion, I’m sorry, that’s it.
So there’s this protective blanket that we’ve, you know, already talked about a few times
that is created by the sort of dense and diverse vegetation that’s going to exist in a
grazed environment. And it, it, you don’t have that in a crop production setting. And this has
really been something that struck me again on that sort of a personal firsthand account level.
When I was driving through over the years a number of different times is that I’ve been driving
through either Iowa sort of corn and soy territory or Idaho where I have a sister who lives there.
And I was driving through potato fields and I’ve never seen it was, it was outside of the
growing season. And I’ve never seen such a desolate landscape. It was dry, gray, dusty, dirt.
And I do say dirt, not soil everywhere. I mean, too, as far as the eye could see, for miles. And I
was just, oh my god, because the irony of, I remembered, I was being interviewed at a radio station
in San Francisco by a vegan, very nice woman, but a vegan radio producer who had me on her show.
And she was eating a potato. And that was her vegan lunch. And I was thinking to myself as I was
driving through those potato fields. Like in her mind, she’s doing something that is helpful and
ecologically beneficial by not eating animals and eating this potato. And then I’m driving through
these desolate landscapes and I’m thinking this is not ecologically healthy here. And I just,
you know, it’s the kind of stuff that I just, I wish more people would be out in the landscapes
more often and actually seeing what farming and ranching actually looks like in real, in the real world
because rather than just sitting in their, you know, urban offices with ideas. That was, that was
Siri. Siri agrees. Siri’s all be okay. Yeah. And I think I might have gotten on a couple
tangents there, but hopefully I answered the question that you got. You did, you did. And also,
I think woven a few really important themes. And this, this, this exact thing you’re speaking to
is something that has become abundantly clear to me over the last several years. Not to pick on
any particular friend of ours who might be vegan or urban, but one of the things I’ve certainly
noticed is that a lot of the folks who have the misperceptions around the role of grazing animals
in ecological stewardship and restoration tend to be urban and tend not to spend much time
at farms and ranches. And from my perspective, for a variety of reasons, and you kind of get at
this too with some of your discussion around children’s immunity, which I want to be sure to ask
about, but for a variety of reasons, it seems to me one of the things that would be really, really
helpful as we are species wide confronted by so many challenging systemic interconnected
situations is for more of us to get out and spend time at farms and ranches.
Especially those of us who are urban dwellers, especially those of us who are educated urban
dwellers who have the privilege of the time and resources where maybe on a Saturday it’s
relatively feasible for us to get out of town and visit a farmer or a ranch. This is me,
you know, and I’m going to ask you if you could wave your magic wand question in a few minutes,
but this is part of what my magic wand response would involve. I think it would help all of us
to see that interconnectivity more between the agricultural and the urban communities.
And back on the biodiversity piece, in your chapter on biodiversity, you devote a whole chapter to
this. You mentioned a nature conservancy study looking at ponds and songbirds just to drive this
this point home. Not only do you have the anecdotal evidence right of folks visiting your ranch.
And I know what this is like. Right here, I’m at a small regenerative farm elk run outside of
the Boulder Lions area in Colorado, and I can hear the birds often even from my office.
But in addition to the anecdotal pieces, you provide a good bit of scientific studies that are
looking at this biodiversity. In fact, and obviously biodiversity along with climate and water
and some of these other major issues we’re facing is one of the most important. So I was hoping
maybe you could just tell us a bit about that nature conservancy study and why we ought to know about it.
Well, I didn’t know about Vernal pools until I moved to California. It was not even a term I was
familiar with, but that’s what that study was specifically looking at. And it’s another example of how
we think we know something, and then we actually sort of try to research it and document it,
and we find it the story is quite different. So there was actually a fair amount of
controversy surrounding Vernal pools. These are sort of ephemeral pools that just appear periodically
sort of small ponds on open landscapes in California. And I’m sure other parts of the west, but I know
this is particularly an issue in California. And for many years, there was a kind of a movement
within the environmental community that we needed to get cattle off of these areas because it was
believed that the Vernal pools were really important. And we had cattle on a lot of these
landscapes where the Vernal pools would seasonally appear. And so the feeling was, oh, they’re
harming it. The plant life and the animal life and those Vernal pools is being injured by
the presence of cattle. So there was kind of a movement to get cattle out of those areas.
And the nature conservancy decided to study this and figure out, try to understand,
well, what does it take to make a healthy Vernal pool environment? And actually the person
who did this study expressed quite a bit of surprise at the results because when they started
this study, they weren’t exactly sure, you know, a lot of studies are done with a pre-determined
outcome that people want to get to. But this was actually, I believe, a study where they were
trying to understand how do we create a healthy environment for the, you know, for the preservation
of these really ecologically unique Vernal pools. And they wanted to preserve them because there
are quite a few species of animals, wild animals that have been found in these Vernal pools that are
extremely rare. Okay. So there was a kind of a feeling like, oh, God, we gotta get cattle out of
these areas. Okay. And so a multi-year study was undertaken looking at the Vernal pool environments,
looking at the cattle, you know, in trying to sort of measure the impact. And at the result,
the result of the study was that they discovered that where you had cattle present in Vernal pool
situations, you had healthier Vernal pools. You had more and you had more species living in them.
And you basically had a healthier ecosystem that existed as it should have because, of course,
Vernal pools would have evolved during times when there were large numbers of grazing animals
on the landscape. You know, and in California, specifically, we had something like 18 mega-phonus
species that included not just the elk. A lot of people are familiar that the tuli elk were
here in larger numbers at some point in time. And not, you know, not too distant past. But there
were also things like camels that existed in California and other large, you know, two types of
elephant-related animals that existed in prehistoric times. And so you had these big heavy
animals on the landscape that were having all kinds of ecological effects on the landscape
over millions of years. And they created ecosystems. And now that, you know, most of those animals
are all gone, just tiny numbers of elk were made and then some deer and not much else from the
wild side of things. And so it turns out the nature conservancy study really seemed to
bolster the argument that having domesticated animals that would serve as proxies for those
disappeared wild animals and sort of have impacts on the landscape that would preserve the ecosystems
was really important. And so the nature conservancy study actually helps make the argument
that you need to have these, especially as Alan’s every point out, cattle uniquely because they’re
large, heavy animals that’s often been said why they’re so ecologically damaging. But as he argues
and I really agree with him is they are actually uniquely valuable because so many of these disappeared,
you know, the musk ox and the, you know, the mammoth and all these other animals that once
roamed in large numbers on our landscapes and are not really here anymore,
we need to have things that are somewhat similar to that in sort of in their weight and their size.
And so the impact is more similar. And so I love that study too. It’s very kind of like, you know,
mind bending and, you know, orthodox shattering and everything else. And so yeah, and I didn’t know
anything about any of that until moving to California and learning about that particular ecosystem.
Yeah, and by the way, just to give another shout out, and I’m going to show your book again to our
video viewing audience, Defending Beef, a beautiful book that is extremely well-documented,
published by Chelsea Green Publishing. And I’ll remind our audience, this is the YonEarth
Community podcast. I’m your host, Aaron William Perry, and today we’re visiting with Nicolette
Han Naiman, the author of Defending Beef, and an extraordinary attorney and defender of
nature and ecosystems. And I want to be sure to mention that you can get the book at Chelsea Green.com.
And you can use the code, Y-O-E-3-5. That’s for YonEarth’s 35% discount that Chelsea Green offers
our audience as part of our partnership when you get the book. And you can also go to YonEarth.org
to find on our partners and supporters page. Chelsea Green, along with a number of others who make
our podcast series possible, whom I’ll thank in just a moment. And I want to be sure to mention too
that you can connect with Nicolette on her Facebook page, which is called Defending Beef. And of course
we’ll include the links for all of these resources in our show notes. And she also has a defending
beef presence on Twitter or X as it’s now known. And so yes, a very big shout out to Chelsea Green
publishing. Again, the code is Y-O-E-3-5 to take advantage of that generous discount they offer
to our audience. And a special thanks also to Purium Organic Superfoods. I’ve got mine right here.
This is a delicious organic greens blend that I enjoy very frequently. A big shout out to
whaley waters of regeneratively and biodynamically grown hemp infused aromatherapy soaking salts.
Thanks to Earth’s hero sustainable products. Thank you to profitable purpose consulting.
Also to soil works, biodynamic garden preparations. Of course, Earth Coast Productions that has a
huge hand in making our podcast series possible. And finally, a very special thank you to all of our
Y-O-Earth community ambassadors, many of whom are giving on a monthly basis. And if you’re not yet
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the podcast that way if you’re able. And one of the many benefits you get as an ambassador includes
access to our resources behind the scenes resources that include video recordings from multiple
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the scenes segments with many of our podcast guests, which we’ll also be doing with Nicolette
right after this main interview. So in order to access those behind the scenes segments, you have
to be enrolled in our ambassador program. So encourage you to join. It’s a lot of fun and a lot of great
folks worldwide doing amazing, amazing work. And so Nicolette, we’ve been talking quite a lot about
the ecological side of this coin. And you had mentioned right at the outset that we’re talking about
really two sides to this coin when thinking about beef in particular. And so the other is
diet and health and impacts on diet and health. And I want to be sure to get to the bioavailable
nutrients, the omega-3 fatty acids. And so before doing that as a bit of a segue, I thought I’d
circle back and ask you about this children’s immunity thing that you mentioned in the book.
Because this is also and I’m a parent as well. This is also a really important topic, right? And
we want our kids to thrive. And one of the things that’s happening especially for those of us again
in the urban settings is that the kiddos aren’t getting exposed to some of the good things nature
has to offer quite to the same degree, right? So could you unpack that for us and we’ll sag into the
dietary discussion from there? Yeah, so there is this whole question of sort of urban and suburban
lifestyles versus sort of how we’ve evolved over, you know, tens of thousands of years and are,
pre-human ancestors, you know, over a hundred thousand years ago. And if we think about how we’re
living today, our daily lives, they are so radically different from how we would have been living for
the vast majority of the time we’ve been unearthed, you know, in our pre-human ancestors.
And actually, I’m getting kind of interested in this in a sort of broader context of everything
from lighting, you know, like we live not by the sun and which should tell us when it’s time to go
to bed, time to rise, etc. We have all this artificial lighting and now we have this super artificial
lighting that has this weird, you know, I mean, I thought I was kind of imagining it first, but I
have noticed myself that I have negative effects, whether it’s help, you know, feeling kind of
headache-y or dizzy from certain types of artificial lighting. And it turns out those are
quite widespread. So I have a lot of thoughts about just how we’re living today and how different
that is from how we would have been living, you know, and how we evolved and how we’ve been living
for such a very, very long time. But the sort of immunity side of that is that we lived, of course,
you know, sort of out in nature and amongst, you know, in contact with plants, animals of all types
and soils for the, again, is sort of the vast majority of our existence as a species and as our
and the species that preceded us that we evolved from. And now we live in these very sanitized
environments where we’re, you know, we’re in buildings. I lived in New York City for five years,
so I’m, you know, very familiar and I’ve lived in other big urban environments as well. But,
you know, I really was really aware at that time how much I was on cement, you know, concrete,
asphalt, metal, stone, you know, you’re kind of not, you know, in contact with the soil, not in
contact with plants, you know, just kind of what you would have been around as a human forever until
very recently in time. And how sort of unnatural that was and how many different health effects
that could have, you know, and I noticed I had a sort of low level insomnia the whole time.
I lived in New York City for five years. I thought I actually had insomnia and then I moved
Mary Villaniam and moved to the ranch and slept like a baby first night.
Literally, and I realized, oh, I don’t have insomnia. It’s just living in Manhattan. So, in any case,
we have kind of divorced ourselves from these natural environments. And one of the things that
has been super interesting is this whole idea that as a species, we were kind of co-existing and
living alongside and even really close proximity with not just wild animals, but domesticated
animals. And actually, there are these very interesting paintings I’ve seen from France
in the Middle Ages where people are actually sleeping with their livestock and so forth because,
you know, kept them warm. And it was also a way to just, you know, watch out for your animals and
make sure they weren’t being stolen or, you know, who knows all the different reasons people were
doing it. But people were living in very close proximity from much of human history and the
migrations that happened around the world. A lot of them happened with, you know, goats and cattle.
And so, we were sort of constantly interchanging diseases and we were developing sort of
population-wide immunity to a lot of diseases because we were being exposed to them by virtue of
being near those animals. And so, one of the really interesting things that happened in the sort
of modern medical research was a few decades ago when they began to be this pretty dramatic rise
in food allergies and also asthma among children. It was realized that the Amish were a community
that was almost absent of both of these conditions that children were not experiencing very much
food allergy or asthma. And so, you were seeing a pretty dramatic rise in industrialized countries,
including the United States, and almost none in Amish community. And so, they called it the Amish
effect, in fact. And so, there began to be, you know, research being done in lots of different places
around the world trying to figure this out. And there’s a pretty solid case that’s been made now
that it has to do with the exposure to livestock. And because Amish are not just
typical farmers, like there’s a lot of farming in the United States that’s not Amish. And as, you know,
as we know, the vast majority of farming now is not diversified farming. It’s monocrop and so,
you know, you can live on a corn and soy farm or, you know, a farm that’s just raising other grains
or whatever. And maybe there’s no livestock there. But the unique thing about the Amish farming was
it’s diversified and it almost always has livestock there. So, they kind of started
homing in on this idea that livestock were essential for this sort of immunity boost that came to
be believed was the reason children on Amish farms were not getting food allergies and were not
getting asthma. Not that there’s zero, but pretty close to zero in those populations. And so,
taking that kind of, you know, broadening that concept, we as sort of modern humans living in
mostly urban and suburban environments, we’re kind of missing out on this opportunity to get exposure
to all kinds of, you know, microorganisms in our environments from soil, from animals, from plants.
And it’s, you know, everything from perhaps pandemics, like the COVID pandemic that we obviously
all just recently experienced, we’re just more vulnerable as a population now to lots of different
kinds of problems, whether they’re infectious diseases or allergies or things like asthma. And
you know, that may sound kind of hoki to someone who hasn’t been hearing about this. But there’s
really quite a lot of science on this now. And ironically, you know, again, kind of not the cow,
it’s the how, where you have large concentrated forms of animal agriculture. It can have a negative
effect. Lots, lots of different kinds of negative effects on human health. But also there hasn’t really
been nearly as much showing of a positive impact on immunity for people living in those environments
because you’re actually, you know, first of all, the kinds of exposure that you’re going to get are
different. And you don’t have that sort of daily interaction with healthy animals that are going
to help your body develop immunity and just ability to cope with all different kinds of microorganisms
that you get when you are on a more diversified farm that has a regular interaction with healthy animals.
So, yeah, it’s a super interesting topic that I think there’s a lot of research going on. The
research I cite in the book comes from various parts of the world in Europe and the United States and
elsewhere. But I think, interestingly, just on PBS, just like a couple of years ago, I saw
something about asthma and they were talking about it and they said, if you can possibly be around
animals of any kind, that’s good. And I thought, oh, that’s interesting because I swear, you know,
20 years ago, they would have been saying, if you have asthma, avoid animals, but I think, you know,
there’s a growing understanding of the importance of exposing yourself to things in order to be
healthier. Even with food allergies, they’re starting to use exposure therapy more. So,
yeah, I don’t know if I said that. You were hoping I’d talk about it or not, but.
This is, yeah, no, it’s perfect. And really, the emphasis on healthy animals, right? So,
when we’re talking about these issues, what we’re not talking about just to be crystal clear,
are the concentrated animal feeding units, otherwise known as feed lots, where conditions are
very different than naturally grazing animals out on pasture, right? It’s a very different type
of system. And when you’re talking about healthy animals in particular, that’s of course related
in parts of them eating diverse nutrient dense foods. And for us humans, this is also critical.
And you point out that with grass fed, pasture ranged beef, we are getting a whole sweet
of very important nutrition that often isn’t available through sort of vegetarian processed food
alternatives or other foods that we might be eating these days, especially in the modern industrial
context. And I was hoping that you could walk us through what’s going on. And why are these
nutrients particularly bioavailable as you point out? And how is this impacting bones, muscles,
brains? You know, the good functioning of my body spirit, if you will, for each of us as humans.
Yeah, well, I get, you know, my background is as a biologist. That was my my major in undergrad.
And I also have this sort of very long, you know, history as a child and, you know, growing up
with my parents who were very focused on sort of being out in nature and eating good food and
getting lots of exercise. And so I had this kind of focus on health and how do you live
healthfully that goes back since, you know, literally birth. And, you know, one of the things that
has always just sort of inherently made sense to me is, again, to sort of think about our evolution
as a species and what, what were we doing and what, what have we always done and therefore our,
you know, our sort of physiology is constructed in such a way that expects to get certain things.
And I think it’s very important to note, you know, that we began eating as a species. We began
sort of, again, our pre-human ancestors began eating meat over three million years ago.
So that’s a lot of time during which we as a species were evolving with that being a key component
of our diet. And, you know, there’s all kinds of arguments about how much and how necessary
and blah, blah, blah. But there’s no doubt whatsoever that we’ve been eating meat for a very,
very long time and that it was a key component of our evolution. It, you know, there’s,
there’s so much nourishment in meat that it helped us to grow bigger grains, but it was also
the complexity of hunting, which is said to have contributed to the fact that we evolved
bigger brains. And we just evolved sort of more complex inter, you know, societies, more complex
communities and relationships with one another in order to be able to hunt and to be able to
prepare the meat. And meat has been one of these foods that, for a very, very long time,
has been cooked. In fact, I don’t know if you’ve read that book by Richard Brangham Catching Fire,
which I love. And I had the pleasure of spending time with him when I was at the Nobel event,
actually. And his whole argument is that we actually were cooking, that cooking has been a really
important part of our evolution, and that maybe one of the reasons why some of the pathogens that
are more concerning are from meat in our food system is because of the fact that we never really
evolved to eat meat raw. It’s one of the foods that we, for a very, very long time, have been cooking.
And so we, he argues, haven’t really evolved the sort of systems to counter the pathogens that
occur in meat. So there’s no debate whatsoever that it’s been an essential part of our evolution
for a variety of different reasons. And again, if you sort of think of it from that perspective,
I think it’s easy to understand that our physiology is built to kind of expect those nutrients to
come to us. And a lot of other foods that, for example, protein, protein is a food that
a macro nutrient that we get a lot of from meat, fish, dairy, eggs. And then, of course,
there are plant sources to it as well. But what people very often fail to understand is that
difference in bioavailability, like how well can your body actually utilize it? And so when you look
at a nutritional label for a food, and it says it has five grams of protein in it or whatever,
that doesn’t mean your body’s going to be able to utilize five grams. And the studies have been
done. And again, kind of, you know, objective sources like the United Nations Food and
Agricultural Organization. They have huge divisions that study nutrition and health and
diet. And they just emphasize over and over again in their documents that there’s almost no
way to replace the foods that come from animals, whether it’s eggs, meat, fish, because they are so
high in protein and many other nutrients, but also because the form that they come in is of such
high quality. And in fact, there’s a whole thing called a protein quality index. And so a lot of
people think just by eating soy or just by eating, you know, potatoes, again, you’re going to get
enough protein. And in fact, there’s a whole, which I think is kind of absurd, but there’s a whole
narrative out there that we eat too much protein in the industrialized world. I think actually
that is totally untrue. But in any case, we won’t get bogged down in that point. But regardless,
you won’t get the same quality of protein from non-animal-based foods. So for me, it kind of goes
back to that evolutionary argument. And then there’s sort of, I would call kind of an emerging
body of science that’s showing that the way food is raised impacts what’s available nutritionally
and that there are actually thousands of compounds contained in food that are not on a nutritional
label at all. They’re just sort of beginning to be identified, these phytochemicals. And they’re not
just available in plants, you know, vegetables and fruits, but they’re also available in animal-based
foods, meat, milk, and eggs. And how much of those chemicals, those naturally occurring chemicals,
are present, depends on the way the animal was raised. So having an animal in a healthful
environment, and as Fred prevents of shows in his study in his books, a diverse environment where
they can graze on a lot of different kinds of plants, is really important to producing food
that is supportive of vibrant health over the long term. So you can substitute, you know, you can get
something that contains calcium, you can get something that contains protein, blah, blah, blah,
on a nutritional label. You can do that quite easily. You can construct a diet that would appear
to meet your nutritional needs. I am more and more convinced that if you are eating foods that are
from an industrial system, especially processed foods, I’m reading a whole book right now about
ultra processed foods, it’s called ultra processed people by a British doctor and
excellent book that I recommend to people. Anyone who’s interested in this topic, it’s basically
making the argument that the core of what’s wrong with sort of health in the industrialized world
is how much processed food is being consumed. And so much of what people are eating when they stop
eating meats, or stop drinking milk, or stop eating eggs, is ultra processed food. So to me,
that is sort of at the crux of the danger of it. You’re stopping eating something that we have
evolved with for millions of years. Our physiology is built on, you know, reliance on it. And then
you’re substituting it with something that you’re basically making yourself into a science
experiment. Like, what are the long term health effects of these foods that have just been invented
in the last decade or so? And, you know, I for one, am not willing to subject myself to that
science experiment, nor am I willing to subject my kids to that. So I try very, very hard to get as much
food as possible from places that I know it was well raised. It was local. The vast majority of
the meat that we eat is meat that we raise ourselves. Not everybody obviously has that option, but
they can get it from good sources. It’s available all over the country. And to try to make as much
food as possible ourselves and have, you know, as as little processed food as possible, you’re probably
not going to ever totally get it out of your diet, but I’m working on it every day trying to
minimize it. I love it. It is so wonderful to have you walk us through these issues in such a
clear, cogent, compelling manner. So grateful we could have the time today for you to join us on
the podcast. And before signing off to do our behind the scenes segment, I want to invite you to do
two things. And the first is if you’re going to ask you this question, if you could wave your magic
wand and help us envision what a fully regenerative food system looks like and help us picture that
and also help us understand the steps we can take to get there. I’d love I’d love for you to
share that with us. Okay. So the first thing I would do and this may sound like it’s not related
to regenerative agriculture, but I think it is is my magic wand wave would give everyone on the planet
the capacity to cook because again, the more I’ve learned and thought about this and read and talk
to people over the years, the more convinced I am that when you are cooking, when you’re gathering
your own ingredients and preparing your own food and feeding people and feeding yourself with that
food, you start to think about and you learn and you care about where it comes from, how it was
produced and you’re going to be eating healthier food and you’re going to be supporting a healthier
food system. So that would be the first thing. The second thing is I would just get rid of all the
big concentrated animal production facilities around the world because I think that those places
do not produce healthy food, they do not, they have tremendous environmental impacts and
impacts for the neighbors and the people working there and they do not create humane environments for
the animals that live there. So I just really believe that as a human race, we should not be raising
food that way. And then what I would want to do is take those animals and return them to the landscape
around the world. Every farm would have lots of different things that it was doing and actually
just a few months ago I added to my presentations that I give. I added a slide from a grandma Moses
painting and it was just as beautiful, I don’t know if you’ve seen it before, Erin, but it’s just
as beautiful painting of a farm with all different kinds of things happening on it. Lots of different
people interacting with each other in different ways and lots of different animals and plant crops
and you just see how a farm in a traditional setting is a community and it’s a place where there
is community and where people are interacting with each other and with their animals and with
their land and how there’s just connectedness happening naturally. And so to me the return of the
animals of landscape and to more complex, more diverse farming that looks more like ecosystems
rather than you know factory production systems. To me those, I think those are three things
I’ve mentioned three major shifts that I would like to see and I think if just that happened,
I mean those are big things, but if those three things happened we would be in a completely
different place in terms of ecological health and in terms of our own health. And so those would
be my magic one to step. I absolutely love it and I love too that not only is this a big aspirational
vision but and so many folks like you and your husband like my friends here at Elkron farm and
many others worldwide are moving in this direction and it’s so beautiful that we have the
opportunity as humans to make these kinds of choices and may we mobilize more and more in this
direction together. Yes. Nicolette, thank you so much for joining us on the podcast today. It’s
absolutely wonderful to have this time to visit with you. Thank you for having me. See you.
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